Нохчийн маттахь терхьаш: различия между версиями

|+ Глифы, используемые для обозначения цифр индийско-арабской системы счисления.

The first true written positional numeral system is considered to be the Hindu–Arabic numeral system. This system was established by the 7th&nbsp;century in India,<ref name="O'Connor and Robertson">O'Connor, J. J. and Robertson, E. F. Arabic Numerals. January 2001. Retrieved on 2007-02-20.</ref> but was not yet in its modern form because the use of the digit zero had not yet been widely accepted. Instead of a zero sometimes the digits were marked with dots to indicate their significance, or a space was used as a placeholder. The first widely acknowledged use of zero was in 876.

By the 13th century, Western Arabic numerals were accepted in European mathematical circles (Fibonacci used them in his ''Liber Abaci''). They began to enter common use in the 15th&nbsp;century. By the end of the 20th&nbsp;century virtually all non-computerized calculations in the world were done with Arabic numerals, which have replaced native numeral systems in most cultures.

The exact age of the Maya numerals is unclear, but it is possible that it is older than the Hindu–Arabic system. The system was vigesimal (base&nbsp;20), so it has twenty digits. The Mayas used a shell symbol to represent zero. Numerals were written vertically, with the ones place at the bottom. The Mayas had no equivalent of the modern decimal separator, so their system could not represent fractions.

The Thai numeral system is identical to the Hindu–Arabic numeral system except for the symbols used to represent digits. The use of these digits is less common in Thailand than it once was, but they are still used alongside Arabic numerals.

The rod numerals, the written forms of counting rods once used by Chinese and Japanese mathematicians, are a decimal positional system able to represent not only zero but also negative numbers. Counting rods themselves predate the Hindu–Arabic numeral system. The Suzhou numerals are variants of rod numerals.